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House Officers:
Pathology Residency Training Program
Clinical Microbiology Rotation |
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Rotation Details/Objectives:
Upon completion of this laboratory rotation in clinical microbiology, the resident will be able to demonstrate competence in the following areas of knowledge and practice:
General
- Rationale for the proper collection of specimens and criteria.
- Function and use of various liquid and solid media used in the primary processing of specimens.
- Familiarization with microbiology module of LIS.
- Common pathogens from various specimens.
- Basic quality control (QC) methods and rationale.
- Basic safety and infection control methods.
- As the residents progress, they will be expected to answer questions posed by the clinical staff and to solve laboratory problems.
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Bacteriology
- Use of special media for unusual pathogens, e.g. C. diphtheria, B. pertussis, L. pneumophila, Leptospira, H. ducrey, Vibrio, C. difficile, Campylobacter.
- Rationale and use of bacterial antigen tests.
- Evaluating and reading of Gram stains.
Recognizing "normal flora."
- Fundamental growth characteristics of pathogenic and commensal bacteria, e.g. beta streptococci, S. aureus, E. coli, K. pneumonia, GC, H. influenza, Ps. aeruginosa, P. mirabilis, pneumococci, S. epidermidis, alpha streptococci, Clostridium, Bacteroides.
- Familiarization with various identification systems and their pros and cons, especially the fully and semiautomated systems.
- Antibiotic susceptibility testing, Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion, tube dilutions, agar plate dilutions, automated systems, serum levels, serum cidal levels.
- Basic anaerobic methodology for growing and identifying organisms.
- Rational for various laboratory policies, such as blood cultures: volumes, number, timing; urine cultures; many species, <104/ml; no gram stains on whole blood.
- Basic serogrouping methods, e.g. meningococci, Salmonella, Shigella.
Mycology
- Macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of patholgens including the most common dermatophytes, subcutaneous and systemic fungi.
- Methods used in the identification of common yeasts including Candida, Torulopsis, and Cryptococcus.
- Common dematiaceous fungi.
- Agents of Phycomycoses.
- Agents of Protothecosis.
- Mycobacteriology
- Acid-fast stains used in fluorescent and light microscopy.
- The four Runyoun Groups and the common pathogens of each.
- Identification procedures including DNA probes.
- Colonial morphology of pathogenic mycobacteria.
- Evaluating and reading acid-fast smears.
Parasitology
- Use of various concentration methods.
- Use of various staining techniques.
- Evaluating and reading smears for ova parasites, i.e. being able to detect the presence of a parasite and identifying the most common ones.
- Use of EIA techniques on direct specimens.
Virology
- Rationale for use of various tissue culture methods.
- Indirect fluorescent antibody techniques used in identification of viruses.
- EIA techniques for detection of viruses in primary specimens, i.e. rotavirus, RSV, and Influenza A.
- Fundamental CPE used in the detection and identification of viruses.
- Tissue culture, FA, EIA, and amplification (LCX) methods used to detect and identify Chlamydia.
- PCR for HIV-RNA quantitation.
Serology
- Basic principles of tests used for the detection and measurement of antibodies associated with infectious and non-infectious diseases, including agglutination, precipitin, indirect hemagglutination, complement fixation, fluorescent antibody and EIA methods.
- Significance of titers associated with various diseases.
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